The problem of plastic pollution has gotten dramatically worse as production has surged without much thought to what happens once it is discarded.
【主干】The problem of plastic pollution has gotten dramatically worse.
【修饰成分】 as production has surged 为原因状语从句，由前后意思可知as在此处为“因为”。 without much thought to what happens once it is discarded为without引导的原因状语，在句中without翻译为“因为”, 且句中what happens为宾语从句，once it is discarded为条件状语从句。
【翻译】由于塑料制品产量的激增以及没有过多考虑它们被丢弃后会带来的后果，塑料污染问题已经急剧恶化。
