考研英语翻译是考研英语得分的重要题型之一,在日常练习中,除了进行日常的练习之外,还需要掌握翻译长难句的各种各样的结构,在面对不同的结构如何处理,需要有性质有效的对策。下面一起来看一下吧。
一、倒装句解决法则
1. 表系主倒装
例1:Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.(2003年翻译)
表系主的倒装指的是,表语置于系动词之前。在例1中,系动词是is,表语是Implicit within Tylor’s definition,主语是the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior,出现表系主的倒装的原因是主语比较长,为了避免头重脚轻,所以就将主语放到了后面。像该句中的主语中就嵌套了一个同位语从句that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior,解释说明the concept,主语就比较长。表系主倒装结构的翻译还是整体顺译,所以上句的参考译文为:在泰勒的定义里比较隐晦的是这样一个概念:文化是一种习得的、共享的和模式化的行为。
(2)Than引导的比较状语从句的倒装
例2:Parents watch more TV than do their children.
该句中的than do their children还原一下,应该为than their children watch TV,但是我们会发现这样的话整个句子会显得很冗长、啰嗦,所以,在than引导的比较状语从句中,如果从句谓语使用do/did/does来代替主句中出现的动词内容,那么该从句使用全部倒装。在翻译的时候,可以翻译为“与…相比,主句”。所以例2可理解为:与孩子相比,父母看更多的电视。
接下来再通过一个试题例句进一步巩固一下这个知识点:
例3:Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.(2011年完形)
本句主干为Those reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons,forced to exercise their smiling muscles是V-ed粉刺短语做后置定语,修饰those,than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown是比较状语,其中嵌套了一个whose mouths were contracted in a frown定语从句,suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around是一个结果状语,其中嵌套了that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around宾语从句。
整句参考译文为:与那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉状的人相比,那些被迫去练习笑肌的人对于有趣的卡通漫画反应更加强烈。