四、阅读
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
“Reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the “core skills” within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline.
The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.
With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.
Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden: When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff, Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.
21. Research by the World Economic Forum suggests ______.
A. a controversy about the “core skills”
B. an increase in full-time employment
C. an urgent demand for new job skills
D. a steady growth of job opportunities
22. AT&T is cited to show ______.
A. an immediate need for government support
B. an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy
C. the characteristics of reskilling programs
D. the importance of staff appraisal standards
23. Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada ______.
A. have appeared to be insufficient
B. have driven up labour costs
C. have proved to be inconsistent
D. have met with fierce opposition
24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was ______.
A. a sign of economic recovery
B. a call for policy adjustment
C. a change in hiring practices
D. a lack of medical workers
25. Scandinavian Airlines decided to ______.
A. create job vacancies for the unemployed
B. retrain their cabin staff for better services
C. prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs
D. finance their staff’s college education
