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22考研英语翻译暑期强化备考:倒装句解决法则

考研英语中经常会涉及到一些特殊句式,其中让大家比较头疼的就是倒装句,今天给大家讲解一些倒装句的知识。英语中的倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装,我们今天先来学习全部倒装的知识。

1. 表系主倒装

例1:Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.(2003年翻译)

表系主的倒装指的是,表语置于系动词之前。在例1中,系动词是is,表语是Implicit within Tylor’s definition,主语是the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior,出现表系主的倒装的原因是主语比较长,为了避免头重脚轻,所以就将主语放到了后面。像该句中的主语中就嵌套了一个同位语从句that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior,解释说明the concept,主语就比较长。表系主倒装结构的翻译还是整体顺译,所以上句的参考译文为:在泰勒的定义里比较隐晦的是这样一个概念:文化是一种习得的、共享的和模式化的行为。

(2)Than引导的比较状语从句的倒装

例2:Parents watch more TV than do their children.

该句中的than do their children还原一下,应该为than their children watch TV,但是我们会发现这样的话整个句子会显得很冗长、啰嗦,所以,在than引导的比较状语从句中,如果从句谓语使用do/did/does来代替主句中出现的动词内容,那么该从句使用全部倒装。在翻译的时候,可以翻译为“与…相比,主句”。所以例2可理解为:与孩子相比,父母看更多的电视。

接下来再通过一个试题例句进一步巩固一下这个知识点:

例3:Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.(2011年完形)

本句主干为Those reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons,forced to exercise their smiling muscles是V-ed粉刺短语做后置定语,修饰those,than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown是比较状语,其中嵌套了一个whose mouths were contracted in a frown定语从句,suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around是一个结果状语,其中嵌套了that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around宾语从句。

整句参考译文为:与那些嘴巴收缩成皱眉状的人相比,那些被迫去练习笑肌的人对于有趣的卡通漫画反应更加强烈。

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