首先,考纲中明确规定,考生要能理解文中的具体信息和概念性含义,这也就是细节题的考查本质。但是考研英语文章的字数大多在400词以上,文中细节信息巨多无比,想要答好细节题,就必须要快速准确地定位,然后再理解定位句、选出答案。
那么如何快速准确地定位呢?可以分为两步走:模糊定位和精准定位。模糊定位用到的是题文同序,即题目的顺序和文章的顺序是一致的,都是依次而下,可判断出定位句的大致范围。精准定位则需用到关键词定位到文章中唯一的位置,一般来说,关键词可以优先考虑名词,因为名词一般是不会变的,在文中可轻松找到;但也会出现关键词的派生词和同义替换,不能掉以轻心。
下面以2017英一text1(节选)为例,具体谈谈细节题中如何实现定位和解题:
(Para.3) Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons – both fake and real – past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become – but the lines are obvious.
22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travellers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
第一步模糊定位。题号是22,判断考查范围应该在文章开篇段落,最终范围缩小在第三段。
第二部准确定位。题干中的contributes to, long waits, major airports都可考虑为关键词,但是优先用名词来定位,定位至“Enhanced security measures since then, … Chicago’s O’Hare International.”一一对比选项后,发现A的信息不仅定位句没有,整个第三段也没有找到;B的信息不在定位句,而是分散出现在定位句的前后句,不在我们要找的范围里;C选项的increase和travelers可对应定位句中的rise和travel,可能是我们要找的答案;D的信息也不在定位句,而在定位句之前,不在我们要找的范围里;考虑答案为C。而且定位句的意思提到了“航空旅行的增加”,符合C选项“游客数量的增加”,再次确定答案为C。