下面来看看2012年英语一Text1当中的两句话。首先来看第一句:Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.本句话主语是Rosenberg,谓语是argues,宾语是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句中的主语是public-health advocates,谓语是ought to take a page from,宾语是advertisers,其后跟了一个V-ed短语作后置定语,修饰核心名词advertisers。本句话表明了Rosenberg其人的观点,她认为公共健康倡导者们应该向广告商学习,这些广告商是如此擅长运用同辈压力。本句的句型结构并不复杂,是主谓宾句型,后加短语作后置定语。其中有个短语需要大家积累下来,即动词短语take a page from,相当于learn from向某人学习的意思。
再来看第二句:Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.该句主干为主系表句型,该句话主语是Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns,该短语为of短语,含义为她对于许多公共健康运动的缺陷的批判,系动词是is,表语是形容词spot-on准确的,冒号后跟同位语(两个句子的并列,and连接前后两个简单句),具体解释批判的内容。它们没能调动起同辈压力以促进健康习惯的形成,并且它们证实了对心理的严重错误理解。该句的理解难点在于主语信息较多且生词较多,但只要备考阶段积累到位,能够理解关键词即可了解句意,即公共健康活动对同辈压力运用不当,无法促进健康习惯的形成。
相信大家已经基本具备了解析长难句的能力,接下来我们来一起练习一个句子。该句出自2016年英语一Text3的第四段:Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.句子主干是主谓宾句型,主语为Their analysis,谓语为ruled out排除,宾语为抽象名词the possibility,其后跟that引导的同位语从句,来解释可能性的内涵。再来看同位语从句,该从句内部嵌套了一个强调句型(it was…that),用来强调firm’s political influence与leniency的关系。大家要尤其注意冒号后面的部分,该部分是对前面整句话的解释说明,主干是主谓宾句型,主语为Companies,谓语为did not receive,宾语为lower fines,主语Companies之后跟了一个定语从句that contributed more to political campaigns来修饰限定companies。整句话的主要思想是企业所承担的罚款与其政治影响无关,且政治影响与企业社会责任是相反的关系。